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2016考研英語(yǔ):快速識(shí)別一般獨(dú)立主格形式

  摘要:“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是一個(gè)比較高級(jí)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),也是考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中比較難的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。小編整理了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的識(shí)別和句法功能的資料,大家趕緊來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧!

  獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ),加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,這種形式可以使語(yǔ)言更為簡(jiǎn)潔。不過(guò),這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系,在句中的功能就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有自己主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)從句。其實(shí),雖然叫做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),并不是真正的獨(dú)立,它還是一種從屬分句,在句中有多種作用。如:表原因、表?xiàng)l件、表補(bǔ)充、表伴隨、表時(shí)間等,在句中通常起狀語(yǔ)作用。

  ?常見(jiàn)的形式
  在句子形式上,有以下幾種:
  1.n/代詞+分詞 (-ing 、-ed)形式;
  在句中,名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如:
  The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.
  如果是名詞/主格代詞+過(guò)去分詞,那么名詞/主格代詞與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如:
  The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
  2.n/代詞 +不定式;
  名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作。如:
  They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. (=They said good-bye to each other, and then one went home, and the other went to the bookstore.)
  3.n/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ);
  如:Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door. (=Mary was sitting near the fire, and her back was towards the door.)
  4.n/代詞+形容詞;
  如:An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.(=An air accident happened to the plane, and nobody was alive.)
  5.n/代詞+副詞;
  如:He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. (=He put on his sweater, and the wrong side was out.)
  6.n/代詞+名詞
  如:Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.(=Two hundred people died in the accident,and many of them were children.)

  ?語(yǔ)法功能
  以上就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的幾種形式,下面我們來(lái)看一下獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的語(yǔ)法功能--表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨或是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明情況等。
  一、表示時(shí)間
  The meeting being over, all of us went home. (=When the meeting was over, all of us went home.) 開(kāi)完會(huì)后我們都回家了。
  二、表示條件
  The condition being favorable, he may succeed. (=If the condition is favorable, he may succeed.)若條件有利,他或許能成功。
  三、表示原因
  There being no taxis, we had to walk. (Because there was no taxis, we had to walk.)沒(méi)有出租車(chē),我們只好步行。
  四、表示伴隨情況
  Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. (Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體,而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。
  五.表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
  We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.(=We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two.) 我們加倍努力,一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。

  以上就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的幾種形式以及所具有的句法功能,希望本文對(duì)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的講解能夠幫助大家在考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中快速識(shí)別這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,并弄清它在句中的語(yǔ)法功能,從而正確理解和翻譯文章。

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